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Schedule Compression Impact on Construction Project Safety

Curt Webb,Lu Gao,Ling-guang Song

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第4期页码 344-350 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015059

摘要： Many construction projects are met with stringent timelines or the threat of exorbitant liquidated damages. In addition, construction schedulers are frequently forced to incorporate aggressive schedule compression techniques. As already discussed by previous researchers, these schedule compression techniques have direct impacts on project productivity and quality defects. Researchers have also pointed out that schedule compression will affect safety incidents such as Occupational Safety & Health Administration recordable injuries and near misses over long project durations. However, most of the existing studies treated safety as a subcategory of project productivity and project quality, and minimal research has been done to directly quantify the effect of schedule compression on safety at the project level. Therefore, in this research, we conducted a survey and statistical analysis to investigate the relationship between schedule compression and safety in construction projects. We interviewed various members of the Houston construction community from both industrial and non-industrial roles. Statistical analysis was used to identify factors that have significant impacts on the occurrence of safety incidents at an industry specific level.

关键词： construction safety schedule compression overtime work shift Hurdle model

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The psychology of organizational and social sustainability

Wei-Tau LEE, Hao ZHANG, Kenneth H. FUNK II

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 336-350 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0029-0

摘要： This paper presents 12 dimensions of work with the aim of providing further understanding of the relationship between work and the psychological well-being of workers. Previous research has indicated that these dimensions are significant in establishing such a relationship, which is essential to creating good work. These dimensions are also influential in their effect on the psychological state of workers and are translated specifically into actionable items in the workplace. A hypothetical system model is developed to relate these dimensions to one another, to workers, and to organizations. This set of dimensions also serves as a basis for further development of work design and evaluation tools.

关键词： work design work dimensions psychological factors good work

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The impact of different voltage application modes on biodegradation of chloramphenicol and shift of microbial

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1576-x

摘要：

● Presented coupled system enhanced biodegradation of antibiotic chloramphenicol.

关键词： Electrical stimulation Biodegradation Microbial community Chloramphenicol

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Basic model study on efficiency evaluation in collaborative design work process

XIE Qiu, YANG Yu, LI Xiaoli, ZHAO Ningyu

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第3期页码 344-349 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0060-4

摘要： During the efficiency evaluation process of collaborative design work, because of the lack of efficiency evaluation models, a basic analytical model for collaborative design work efficiency evaluation is proposed in this paper. First, the characteristics of the networked collaborative design system work process were studied; then, in accordance with those characteristics, a basic analytical model is created. This model, which is built for centralized collaborative design work, includes an analytical frame, a process view model, a function view model and an information view model. Finally, the application process and steps of this basic analytical model are elaborated when used for efficiency evaluation through an experiment.

关键词： function system work evaluation process efficiency evaluation design work

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Heat, mass, and work exchange networks

Zhiyou CHEN, Jingtao WANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 484-502 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1221-5

摘要： Heat (energy), water (mass), and work (pressure) are the most fundamental utilities for operation units in chemical plants. To reduce energy consumption and diminish environment hazards, various integration methods have been developed. The application of heat exchange networks (HENs), mass exchange networks (MENs), water allocation heat exchange networks (WAHENs) and work exchange networks (WENs) have resulted in the significant saving of energy and water. This review presents the main works related to each network. The similarities and differences of these networks are also discussed. Through comparing and discussing these different networks, this review inspires researchers to propose more efficient and convenient methods for the design of existing exchange networks and even new types of networks including multi-objective networks for the system integration in order to enhance the optimization and controllability of processes.

关键词： process system engineering integration methods heat exchange network mass exchange network work exchange network

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Coordinated shift control of nonsynchronizer transmission for electric vehicles based on dynamic tooth

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第4期页码 887-900 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0653-3

摘要： Multispeed transmissions can enhance the dynamics and economic performance of electric vehicles (EVs), but the coordinated control of the drive motor and gear shift mechanism during gear shifting is still a difficult challenge because gear shifting may cause discomfort to the occupants. To improve the swiftness of gear shifting, this paper proposes a coordinated shift control method based on the dynamic tooth alignment (DTA) algorithm for nonsynchronizer automated mechanical transmissions (NSAMTs) of EVs. After the speed difference between the sleeve (SL) and target dog gear is reduced to a certain value by speed synchronization, angle synchronization is adopted to synchronize the SL quickly to the target tooth slot’s angular position predicted by the DTA. A two-speed planetary NSAMT is taken as an example to carry out comparative simulations and bench experiments. Results show that gear shifting duration and maximum jerk are reduced under the shift control with the proposed method, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed coordinated shift control method with DTA.

关键词： electric vehicle nonsynchronizer automated mechanical transmission (NSAMT) planetary gear coordinated shift control dynamic tooth alignment

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Enhanced activity of bimetallic Fe-Cu catalysts supported on ceria toward water gas shift reaction: synergistic

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第12期页码 1962-1972 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2359-z

摘要： Within the “hydrogen chain”, the high-temperature water gas shift reaction represents a key step to improve the H₂ yield and adjust the H₂/CO_x ratio to fit the constraints of downstream processes. Despite the commercial application of the high-temperature water gas shift, novel catalysts characterized by higher intrinsic activity (especially at low temperatures), good thermal stability, and no chromium content are needed. In this work, we propose bimetallic iron-copper catalysts supported on ceria, characterized by low active phase content (iron oxide + copper oxide < 5 wt %). Fresh and used samples were characterized by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and temperature programmed reduction in hydrogen to relate physicochemical features and catalytic activity. The sample with iron/copper ≈ 1 and 4 wt % active phase content showed the best catalytic properties in terms of turnover frequency, no methane formation, and stability. Its unique properties were due to both strong iron-copper interaction and strong metal-support interaction, leading to outstanding redox behavior.

关键词： water gas shift iron copper bimetallic catalysts ceria hydrogen

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Rheological behavior’s effect on the work performance of oil film

Zhaomiao LIU, Qiuying JIN, Chengyin ZHANG, Feng SHEN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第2期页码 254-262 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0129-y

摘要：

A 3D model of hydrostatic turntable’s oil chamber is established to investigate the lubricants performance with different rheological properties by using FLUENT software and the finite volume method. Newtonian oil and non-Newtonian oil’s performance under varied speeds are compared on the large size hydrostatic turntable system considering the temperature-viscosity relationship and pressure-viscosity relationship. The results show that the property of non-Newtonian fluid viscosity influenced by shear rate largely affects the lubricants performance for most oil added polymer additives. Lubricants cannot simply be regarded as Newtonian fluid. The shear thickening non-Newtonian fluid has a better work property. The results are important to design a large size and high-speed hydrostatic support system, choose lubricant oils, and investigate oil film’s work properties.

关键词： non-Newtonian fluid rotation speed pressure on wall viscosity

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Robotized machining of big work pieces: Localization of supporting heads

Wojciech SZYNKIEWICZ, Teresa ZIELIŃSKA, Włodzimierz KASPRZAK

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第4期页码 357-369 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0103-0

摘要： A planner for a self adaptable and reconfigurable fixture system is proposed. The system is composed of mobile support agents that support thin sheet metal parts to minimize part dimensional deformation during drilling and milling operations. Compliant sheet metal parts are widely used in various manufacturing processes including automotive and aerospace industries. The main role of the planner is to generate an admissible plan of relocation of the mobile agents. It has to find the admissible locations for the supporting heads that provide continuous support in close proximity to the tool and trajectories of the mobile bases characterized by very high speeds during the relocation phases.

关键词： fixture robot milling drilling

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Making central-local relations work: Comparing America and China environmental governance systems

Dan GUTTMAN, SONG Yaqin

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 418-433 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0068-3

摘要： The challenge of making central requirements work at local levels is a common problem for environmental governance throughout the world. Countries can learn from one another s approaches, but must understand the local context in w

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Energy shift: decline of easy oil and restructuring of geo-politics

Oliver R. INDERWILDI,David A. KING

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 260-267 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0416-8

摘要： This paper critically assesses the geopolitical and geo-economic impact of novel fuel resources on both resource exporters and importers. Presently, very strong political and economic forces drive the utilisation of domestic, unconventional oil and gas recovery in the West as these enhance energy security and ease balance of payment issues. The additional capacity generated by this trend has, supported by other effects such as Saudi Arabia’s decision to maintain current production, triggered a significant reduction of oil prices. Consequently, it is now oil exporters that struggle with the balance of payment issues and often these countries base their fiscal budget completely on fossil fuel revenues. In fact, these unconventional resources help turn the tide while oil exporters are now politically significantly weakened due to the increased energy sufficiency of the West. The catch is that the extraction of unconventional types of oil has many environmental implications. So, internalising the environmental externalities have to be considered. This paper, therefore, assesses, next to geopolitics and geo-economics, the environmental implications of this trend.

关键词： energy security climatic change geo-economics geopolitics unconventional resources macroeconomics

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Construction engineering management culture shift: Is the lowest tender offer dead?

Eric SCHEEPBOUWER, Douglas D. GRANSBERG, Carla Lopez del PUERTO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 49-57 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017014

摘要： The procurement of public construction projects must walk a fine line between the corruption of state officials and collusion of contractors. The method of awarding projects to the lowest responsible tenderer was originally implemented to guard against corruption of state officials. However, an investigation of the construction industry in the Canadian province of Quebec showed that lowest-tender-offer procurement gave rise to collusion of companies tendering for the contracts. Alternatively, best-value procurement has been used for decades, but here problems arise owing to the necessity of subjective judging of measures other than price to compare bids, giving rise to time- and money-consuming protests. The paper proposes a compelling argument that the construction engineering management (CEM) culture should refocus its efforts on enhancing project cost certainty rather than merely searching for means to design a project in a manner that produces the lowest initial cost, and awards the construction to the lowest tender offer that focuses on cost savings during the project development and delivery process. The difference in the two approaches is subtle but extremely important. To make the transition, the engineering management tools must be advanced to the next level. This means that all project control tools for managing cost, schedule, and technical scope must be transformed from working in the deterministic mode to the stochastic mode, thus making the probability of completing the project within or below its official budget the primary decision criterion. To do so, CEMs must accept that there is a benefit in paying more for an alternative that increases cost certainty for the entire project. The authors of this paper hope that it will provide the grist for a more general dialog across all industry sectors where engineering management is practiced.

关键词： cost certainty lowest responsible bid best value public procurement construction engineering management culture

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Seasonal microbial community shift in a saline sewage treatment plant

Qingmei YAN, Xuxiang ZHANG, Tong ZHANG, Herbert H P FANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 40-47 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0304-8

摘要： Activated sludge was monthly sampled from a saline sewage treatment plant of Hong Kong (China) during June 2007 to May 2008 to analyze the microbial community shift along with environmental variations using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction amplified 16S rDNA fragments. Environmental changes resulted into a seasonal microbial community shift characterized by alterations in species number and abundance in the sewage treatment plant. Correspondence analysis and cluster analysis on community structure profile showed that the 12 monthly samples fell into four groups, which is in accordance with season changing in Hong Kong. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that and posed more significant effects on community structure than total phosphorus and total nitrogen, respectively. Compared with sludge retention time, influent total phosphorus had an inverse effect on the community structure shift, and chemical oxygen demand and showed a similar effects. Results of this study may contribute to the development of new knowledge involving the microbial community shift in sewage treatment plants.

关键词： sewage treatment plants polymerase chain reaction (PCR) denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) canonical correspondence analysis correspondence analysis

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Traces and echoes of De Architectura by Marcus Vitruvius Pollio in the work of Xu Guangqi in 17th

Michela CIGOLA,Yibing FANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第1期页码 3-11 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0359-5

摘要：

This study aims to investigate the role played by Xu Guangqi (1562–1633), minister of the Ming Dynasty, in the development of European scientific and technical knowledge in China between the 16th and 17th centuries by analyzing a book of Western technology that he wrote, namely, Taixi Shuifa (On Western Hydraulics). Several Western books related to machine knowledge are searched to trace the source of the illustrations in Taixi Shuifa. We found that Archimedes’ screw and Ctesibius’ machine, which are included in Vitruvius’ De Architectura volumes, also appear in the work of Xu Guangqi.

关键词： Vitruvius’ De Architectura Xu Guangqi’s Taixi Shuifa Jesuit missionaries Italian Renaissance drawing representation